Elasticsearch 创建索引

2024-11-02

创建索引通常需要指定三部分内容：

settings：索引配置，如索引分片数、副本数、索引刷新时长等
mappings：索引字段的映射（mapping）
aliases：索引的别名

1{
2  "settings": {},
3  "mappings": {},
4  "aliases": {}
5}

创建索引

创建一个简单的索引：这是一个 2 分片、1 副本的索引，别名是 product。索引包含一个 name 字段，该字段在索引时会被分词，可以支持全文搜索。

 1PUT product_2024xxxx
 2{
 3  "settings": {
 4    "number_of_shards": 2,
 5    "number_of_replicas": 1,
 6    "refresh_interval": "1s"
 7  },
 8  "mappings": {
 9    "properties": {
10      "name": {
11        "type": "text",
12        "analyzer": "standard"
13      }
14    }
15  },
16  "aliases": {
17    "product":{}
18  }
19}

注意

索引在创建后分片数无法修改，副本数可以修改
Mapping 字段在创建后不允许更改名称和类型，除非 Reindex

更新 `settings`

更新索引刷盘间隔。

1PUT product_2024xxxx/_settings
2{
3  "refresh_interval": "2s"
4}

更新 Mapping，添加字段

添加一个整数类型的 age：

1PUT product_2024xxxx/_mapping
2{
3  "properties":{
4    "age":{
5      "type": "integer"
6    }
7  }
8}

删除索引

1DELETE product_2024xxxx

索引别名

别名（alias）可以给一组索引命名，然后在查询中统一查询它们，适当使用别名可以提高系统的可维护性。

给索引添加一个别名：

1PUT product_2024xxxx/_alias/alias2

原子批量操作索引。添加 alias2 然后删除 alias1：

 1POST _aliases
 2{
 3  "actions": [
 4    {
 5      "add": {
 6        "index": "product_2024xxxx",
 7        "alias": "alias2"
 8      }
 9    },
10    {
11      "remove": {
12        "index": "product_2024xxxx",
13        "alias": "alias1"
14      }
15    }
16  ]
17}

[1] index API https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.15/indices.html
[2] create index https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.15/indices-create-index.html
[3] update settings https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.15/indices-update-settings.html
[4] update mapping https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.15/indices-put-mapping.html
[5] delted index https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.15/indices-delete-index.html
[6] alias https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.15/indices-get-alias.html
[7] add alias https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.15/indices-add-alias.html
[8] delete alias https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.15/indices-delete-alias.html
[9] automatic update alias https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.15/indices-aliases.html

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